“Get Dressed!”  How to Modify Your Child’s Dressing Routine  is part of a year-long blog hop called Functional Skills for Kids.  Each month, I will be working with other pediatric OTs and PTs to post on different developmental topics that impact functional skills for kids. I’m so honored to be working with some amazing pediatric bloggers to bring you a well-rounded blog hop that will ultimately result in a BOOK!

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This series will be a wonderful resource for parents, teachers, and therapists to learn about all the different activities a child performs each day.  Every month, each therapist will discuss different aspects of functional skills.  Each childhood function will be broken down into developmental timelines, fine motor considerations, gross motor considerations, sensory considerations, visual perceptual considerations, accommodations and modifications, activity ideas, and more.

April’s topic in the  “Functional Skills for Kids” blog hop is DRESSING, so check out the landing page for the rest of our posts and information on all things related to “Getting Dressed!”

WHEN SHOULD A CHILD LEARN HOW TO GET DRESSED?

Teaching your child how to get dressed by themselves can be rewarding and exciting. It can also be frustrating, time-consuming, and overwhelming.  Children start helping when their parents dress them as early as one and half years old (Beery & Beery, 2004) .  As they grow and develop, they become more independent. For more information about typical developmental progression of dressing, check out  MamaOT in the #FunctionalSkillsforKids series.

Getting dressed is an important occupation in a child’s daily life.  As early as two and a half, a typically developing child  is able to get dressed with help (Beery & Beery, 2004).     This requires requires motor planning, fine and gross motor skills, spatial awareness of front and back as well as cognitive skills like sequencing and problem solving.  This can be frustrating for a typically developing child, but what about a child with a disability?  Research shows that “as many as one in five children are at risk for developmental delay, but less than 50% of children with these types of concerns are identified prior to entering school (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).  This means that many parents might not even be aware that their child is experiencing a delay.

Children with disabilities are at more of a disadvantage when it comes to learning ADLs.  A study that compared Activities of Daily Living (ADL) skills in typically developing children and children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) showed that children with DCD demonstrated delays in learning and poor performance of Activities of Daily Living skills. This study also showed that the children with coordination difficulty participated in ADLs less frequently. (Van der Linde, B.; van Netten, J.; Otten, B.; Postema, K.; Geuze, R.; Schoemaker, M. M., 2015).

It was also found that in instances where the child’s delay impacted the whole family, parents had a tendency to take over in order to save time during ADL tasks (Van der Linde, et al., 2015).

 

Picture a family with three children who are getting ready for school in the morning. The child who struggles with ADL skills may be taking more time to get dressed, which could make the other children miss the bus. It is only natural that a parent would want to “jump in” to help the child dress. However, this pattern can lead to further delay in a child’s performance. It becomes a cycle.

One option to help your child learn to get dressed independently is to involve their siblings.    Evidence shows that using a sibling to achieve a goal can be very effective.  Children are often motivated to copy an older sibling who is a “big kid”, so getting your other children on board by demonstrating and encouraging can be a big help (AOTA, 2015).

“Get Dressed!” How to Modify Dressing for Children:

There are many reasons that getting dressed can be a challenge for a child.  Some children have difficulty with balance and fine motor skills while others have trouble with problem-solving and sequencing.  Still, others have trouble with a few different performance components that are required to get dressed.  However, any child’s dressing routine can be altered and scaffolded for optimal success.

Teach the Last Step First

It is important to promote  he feeling of achievement during the process of getting dressed.  An ideal way to accomplish this is to let your child complete the last step of the task by themselves. For example, you can help your child to get their arms into both arm holes of their shirt and help them to pull it over their head. Then let them pull the shirt down over their belly without your help.  This effectively lets them “finish” the task alone, which will help them to feel like they’ve achieved something.  When a child feels successful, they are more motivated to work on things that are challenging.   By teaching the last step of the task first, you are allowing them to “achieve” the task.  Once they have mastered the last step (pulling the shirt down), teach them the second to last step (putting it over their head) (“Teaching your child,” 2016).

 Other options to modify a dressing routine:

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Get Dressed With Balance & Coordination Challenges:

1) Sit down.  This alleviates the challenge of balancing on one leg when attempting to put underwear or pants on.

Get Dressed With Spatial Orientation & Front/Back Difficulty:

1) Teach your child to locate the tag first.

2) Have your child lay the clothing on the bed front-side down so they can put it on easily without putting it backwards.

3) Make an effort to buy jackets that have a different color or pattern on the inside. This provides a visual cue for when an arm is inside out, etc.

Difficulty reaching feet for socks and shoes:

1) Have your child lean against a wall to stabilize their core and tuck their knee under their chin. This brings the foot close enough to don a sock or shoe, while taking away the additional chore of holding the trunk upright.

Difficulty donning socks:

1) Teach your child how to “gather” the sock in their hands.  You can do this by showing them “thumbs up and in”.  Meaning, stick the two thumbs up, then in the “mouth” of the sock, and then scrunch, scrunch, scrunch.  Next, teach your child to get the sock over the pinky toe first.  Once the pinky toe is in, it’s much easier to slip the “mouth” of the sock over the rest of the toes.

If your child has difficulty getting the “heel part” of the sock lined up with their heel, you can:

a. Buy the socks with colored heels or with a  stripe across the  toe like these…

b. Line the socks up next to the foot to make sure the heel is in the right spot before beginning the “scrunch” process”.  

c.  Buy ankle socks so there is less material for little hands to manipulate.

Difficulty donning shoes:

1) If your child knows how to tie but can’t seem to hold the laces and tie at the same time, you can try shoe lace clamps.

2)  Start with slip-on or velcro shoes at first.  If your child has laced shoes but isn’t ready to tie, you can try elastic laces or hickies.

3)  If your child can’t get the shoe “open” enough to get their foot in, draw a big face on the inside of the tongue.  Remind them that they need to see the whole face (including the mouth) in order to get their foot in.    Again, teach them “thumbs up and in” to open the sides.

4)  Draw fingerprints on the sides of the sneaker to give a visual cue as to where to grab to pull the shoe open.

5) If your child has trouble putting their shoes on the correct feet you can teach them either of these #OTHacks.

For Velcro Shoes:

For Character Shoes:

Difficulty tying shoes:

1. Try using the Memory Ties ™ training shoe lace.   Memory Ties™ are a training shoelace that magically “remembers” where the lace is positioned. Basically, it doesn’t flop over as soon as you take your hand away.   This is such a cool feature because so many children struggle with the step of making the loop(s) and then moving to the next step.  The laces are made with a special “memory fiber core”.  But they look like regular laces!

Learn more about Memory Ties

2. Pay attention to other reasons your child may be struggling with tying.  Often there are underlying issues that a parent might miss.

 

References for “Get Dressed”!

Beery, K., & Beery, N. (2004). Beery VMI developmental teaching activities. Minneapolis: NCS Pearson, INC.

Developmental screening fact sheet.http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/DevelopmentalScreening.pdf

Supporting parents of children with autism:The role of occupational therapy.http://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/CY/Articles/Parents-Autism.aspx#sthash.TNiinXB1.dpuf

Teaching your child how to get dressed. (2016). Retrieved 4/17, 2016, from http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/getting_dressed.html

Van der Linde, B., van Netten, J., Otten, B., Postema, K., Geuze, R., & Schoemaker, M. M. (2015). Activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder: Performance, learning, and participation. Physical Therapy, 95(11), 1496-1506.

 

For more information, check out this fact sheet from the American Occupational Therapy Association:   Occupational Therapy in Early Intervention: Helping Children Succeed 

This post is part of the Functional Skills for Kids series.  Check out all of the bloggers who are participating and learn more about the series by clicking on the link or the image above.

For more information on the components and considerations related to Dressing, stop by and see what the other Occupational Therapists and Physical Therapists on the Functional Skills for Kids team have to say:

Fine Motor Requirements for Independence with Self-Dressing  | Sugar Aunts

Gross Motor Skills and Independent Dressing | Your Therapy Source

Sensory Considerations for Dressing!  | Your Kids OT

“Get Dressed!” How to Modify Your Child’s Dressing Routine  | MissJaimeOT

Teaching Kids How to Dress Themselves: Activities to extend skills | The Inspired Treehouse

Improving Following Directions with Getting Dressed | Growing Hands-On Kids

Visual Perceptual Skills in Dressing  | Kids Play Space

Work on Dressing Skills Through Play Activities  |  Therapy Fun Zone

 

Thanks for reading! ~Miss Jaime, O.T.